Exploring its Repellent and Histopathological Efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia against Vector Borne Mosquitoes

Aim: Tinospora cordifolia, commonly known as Giloy, is a medicinal plant extensively used in traditional medicine systems such as Ayurveda for its diverse pharmacological properties. This study investigates its potential as a larvicidal agent, histological effects on Aedes aegypti larvae and repellent properties against adult mosquitoes. Materials and Methods: The research employed standardized larvicidal assays to assess the efficacy of Tinospora cordifolia extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae at various concentrations. Histological analyses were conducted to examine morphological alterations in larvae exposed to the extracts. Additionally, repellent activity was evaluated using established methods to determine the effectiveness of the plant extracts in repelling adult mosquitoes. Results: The findings reveal significant larvicidal activity of Tinospora cordifolia extracts against Aedes aegypti larvae; the ethanol extract results with LC50 and LC90 values of 225.089 and 2386.308 μL/mL, respectively, with mortality rates increasing in a concentration-dependent manner. Histological examinations demonstrate distinct alterations in larval morphology following exposure to the extracts, suggesting potential disruption of physiological processes. Furthermore, the repellent assays indicate promising repellent properties of the plant extracts against mosquitoes, potentially reducing their biting and disease transmission capabilities. Conclusion: This study underscores the potential of Tinospora cordifolia as a natural alternative for controlling Aedes aegypti, offering larvicidal effects, histological alterations in larvae and repellent activity against mosquitoes. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize formulations for practical application in vector control strategies.