Hematological and Systemic Toxicity of in ovo Flubendiamide Exposure in Newly Hatched Domestic Chicks

Aim: This study examines the hematological effects of flubendiamide, a novel insecticide, on freshly hatched chicks at in-ovo injection. Given the extensive use of pesticides and concerns about its influence on non-target species, especially ecosystems, flubendiamide’s potential side effects must be understood. Materials and Methods: After hatching, liver and body weights, hematological indices like albumin, globulin, total protein, hemoglobin, RBC count, white blood cell count and differential leukocyte count were measured in embryos exposed to 500 ppm flubendiamide. These analyses assessed flubendiamide-induced systemic toxicity, liver function, erythrocytopenia, immunocompetence and inflammatory responses. Results: Embryos treated to flubendiamide showed severe liver and body weight reductions post-hatching, indicating systemic poisoning. Though relative liver weight was maintained, hematological studies showed decreased albumin, globulin and total protein, suggesting liver dysfunction and protein production issues. Hemoglobin and RBC counts decreased, indicating flubendiamide-induced erythrocytopenia and lysis. Leucopenia and immunocompetence were shown by decreased total white blood cell count and lymphocytes, supporting pesticide toxicity research. Oxidative stress certainly decreased platelet counts and raised basophils, eosinophils and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, possibly due to acute inflammatory reactions and hypersensitivity. Conclusion: The study found that flubendiamide exposure in newly hatched chicks may cause immunological activation and tissue damage. These findings emphasize the need for pesticide caution to protect non-target creatures and ecosystems. Further research is needed to understand flubendiamide toxicity and establish safe and sustainable agricultural use solutions.