A Comparative Study on the in vitro Cytotoxicity and Anti-Cancer Properties of Gold Nanoparticles Derived from Elettaria cardamomum

Aim: This study scrutinizes the anti-cancer potential of gold nanoparticles derived from Elettaria cardamomum pods and seeds. Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized nanoparticles underwent thorough characterization via UV Vis, FTIR, SEM and EDX analyses. Utilizing the MTT assay, cytotoxicity and anti-cancer efficacy against L929 (normal fibroblast) and Colon cancer cell lines (HT-29 and SW480) cell lines were assessed. Results: Notably, the IC₅₀ values for pod and seed-based nanoparticles were determined as 156.12 μg/mL and 48.771 μg/mL, respectively, against L929 cells. Strikingly, Elettaria cardamomum pod-based nanoparticles demonstrated superior anti-cancer potential against HT-29 and SW480 cell lines compared to seed-based counterparts. Conclusion: Therefore, this study suggests the potential therapeutic utility of greensynthesized gold nanoparticles from Elettaria cardamomum pods as an innovative approach for treating colorectal cancer.