Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Antibacterial Activity of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. Leaf Extracts

Aim: People have used plants as medicine from the beginning of time to treat a variety of diseases. Different bioactive chemicals found in plants make them viable substitutes for traditional antibacterial treatments. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. is a popular ornamental plant employed in traditional medicine to facilitate childbirth, soothe menstrual cramps, induce abortion, and treat headache, fever, and inflammation. The current study aims to analyze the phytochemical components and antibacterial properties of aqueous and solvent extracts of Hibiscus rosasinensis L. leaf. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the phytoconstituents of leaves using standard tests. Agar well diffusion method was used to screened the antibacterial activity of leaf extracts and results were interpreted in terms of diameter of zone of inhibition. Results: The preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, steroids, phenolic compounds, saponins in methanolic extract of leaf. In in vitro antibacterial activity screening indicated that all the extracts exhibited inhibitory activity against tested bacteria. The highest potential was observed in acetone extract against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Bacillus subtilis with zones of inhibition of 9.60±0.10, 7.93±0.05 and 6.10±0.10 respectively. Conclusion: The current findings confirm the use of Hibiscus rosasinensis L. leaves in traditional medicine to treat conditions like coughs, intestinal tract infections, urinary trat infection, foodborne illnesses and pneumonia caused by these pathogenic bacteria and support the potentiality to serve as a foundation for isolating antibacterial compounds from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.